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LED(Light Emitting Diode) LED is an abbreviation for Light Emitting Diode. Electrical energy is transferred to optical energy in semiconductor crystal. ; The most common function of a diode is to allow electric current to pass in one direction. The LED structure consists of a p-GaN, n-GaN and multi-quantum well (MQW) layers which contain electrons and holes which recombine to emit the light. The wavelength of the emitting light depends on the band-gap of MQW. The band gap is controlled by the alloy composition of the MQW. Advantages of LEDs High electrical efficiency Long life time : more than 50,000 HR High durability and small size comparing to conventional light sources. Eco-friendly and low cost Fast on/off time Ways to build white LEDs As the most commonly used LED, the white light which is the most similar to natural light can be produced by combinding of blue LED with phophor. White LED’s performance, usually, is measured by these factors ; Efficiency, Similarity to natural light, Color rendition, Color index realization. Ways to produce white LED is as below. The way to make White LED Blue LED + Yellow phosphor Blue LED + Yellow, red phosphor UV LED + Blue, green, red phosphor Combination of Blue, green, red LEDs Blue LED + Quatum dot phosphor